References

methods section

Methods Section

Extra Credit

Youtube presentation

Final Presentation

Final Presentation

synthesis matrix 1-5 , 6-10

Synthesis Matrix/Critical Appraisal

Author/Date	Aim of Study	Type of literature + type of method	Result /Conclusion	Strengths + limitations	Thematic codings	Setting/ Context
Darina Petrovsky, Pamela Z. Cacchione and Maureen George / 2015	To review evidence of the effect that music has in improving symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with mild dementia	The type of method of the study was a systematic review. Looking at databases that looked into the research question and seeing if there was a common consensus.	The results indicated that there was inconclusive evidence that music interventions were effective in alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with mild dementia	The strengths of the study included gathering information from many researches, starting with 467 articles and filtering out the articles that didn’t meet the specific focus. This allowed the review to look at the most relevant studies and come to a conclusion. The limitations was that at the end of the filtering process, the review ended with a total of 10 articles that spoke about the research question. The review does state that some limitations included poor methodological rigor of the studies lead to an inconclusive consensus.	Literature search. Reaching Consensus of efficacy of music on behavioraleffects. .Poor methodological rigor.	Review of multiple articles. Meta-analysis review.
Cooke, M., Moyle, W., Shum, D., Harrison, S. and Murfield, J	The aim of this article was to explore the effect of music on the quality of life including depression  in individuals with dementia.	The type of method of was a randomized control trail	The results found that music can improve self-esteem, belonging and depression in some older individuals with dementia.	The strengths of this study was that the methodology allowed a high level of equivalence among the participants exposed to the two treatments.	Scientific research, exploring effect of music on quality of life.	Two care facilities both providing assisted living and nursing home care. 164 residents in one facility and 94 residents in the second facility.
Yingshi Zhang, Jiayi Cai, Li An, Fuhai Hui, Tianshu Ren, Hongda Ma, Qingchun Zhao	The aim of the article was to find evidence from multiple articles and researches (meta-analysis) that indicated whether or not music therapy enhanced behavioral and cognitive function in elderly dementia patients.	The type of method of the study a systemic review and meta-analysis	The results showed there was positive evidence to support the use of music therapy (not music intervention)to treat disruptive behavior and anxiety.	The strengths of this research was that there was a large sample size they worked with since it collected date from a total of 1757 subjects which is better than a lot of the other studies found. A weakness that could be seen in the article was that it bundles a lot of researches together that used different methods sometimes, i.e. RCT and CCT.	Meta-analysis, scientific research, focus on behavior effects.	Multiple data collection and resources.
Lisa M. Gill, DNP, CRNP, and Nadine C. Englert, PhD, RN	The aim of this article was to test the hypothesis that music can help reduce falls on individuals with dementia.	The type of literature was mainly research. It studied individuals and compared the data using a sample t-test.	The results of this study found no significant difference.	What was strong about this study was that it was extremely focused on one objective, that of music and its association with falls. A limitation was that falls have multiple causes in the elderly and this presented a series of confounding factors to the study.	Scientific research physical behavior, original research, poor method, limitations.	55-bed long term care dementia facility.
S. Guétin, F. Portet M.C. Picot C. Pommié,  M. Messaoudi L. Djabelkir A.L. Olsen M.M. Cano E. Lecourt J. Touchon	This article researched the effects of music therapy on anxiety and depression in individuls with Alzheimer’s.	The type of literature was RCT as it focused on trying to confirm or disprove the effects that music has on AD patients.	The results of this study confirmed that there are valuable effects of music therapy on anxiety and depression.	The strength of this study was that it focused on individual therapy to each patient, letting the patients choose their music style of session, it used a total duration of 18 months of study with a follow up period of 6 months. A weak point might be seen that the sample size consisted of 38 patients with only 30 meeting the criteria for the study.	Scientific research, evaluation of behavioral and emotional effects. Positive outcome.	French dementia facility.
Ann Van de Winckel, Hilde Feys, Willy De Weerdt	The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of music exercise programs on women with dementia.	This was a Randomized Control trail.	The exercises showed a significant improvement in cognition for the women studied.	Use of the mini-mental state examination was a great way to compare the results in order to see a significant difference in the patients. The methods seemed strong yet the numbers of patients (n=15) were fairly poor.	Scientific research, randomized control, positive resutls	Public Psychiatric hospital, Belgium
Ieva Vasionyte_ and Guy Madison	The aim of this study was to review a meta-analysis study of the effects of music interventions on patients with dementia. This includes separating different intervention types and different outcome measures.	This article was based on mata-analysis research.	The results indicated that there was a positive effect on cognitive, behavioral and physiological measures.	The results came from a large sample size consisting of 19 studies with a total of 478 dementia patients.	Meta-analysis, positive effect, review.	Meta-analysis review.
Teppo Särkämö, PhD, MA,Mari Tervaniemi, PhD, Laitinen, LicPhil, Ava Numminen, PhD, MA Merja Kurki, PhD, MA, Julene K. Johnson, PhD, and Pekka Rantanen, PhD, MD	To determine the efficacy of music intervention with daily care of patients with dementia.	This was a randomized control study	Compared to the usual care, music and singing interventions improved mood and orientation and remote episodic memory	A strength in this study is that the family members were included to repeatedly assess the overall well-being of patients with dementia. Some limitations was that some data taken from nurses in the intervention process of the study had no data and therefor might have skewed the results.	Scientific research, RCT, psotive effects, pro music intervention.	5 different day activity centers and inpatient centers in Helsinki.
SYLVAIN CLÉMENT, AUDREY TONINI & FATIHA KHATIR, LORIS SCHIARATURA, & SÉVERINE SAMSON	To examine the short and long term effects of musical and cooking (tasting) interventions on emotional-well being of severe Alzheimer’s patients.	This type of literature was research based for the objective of finding evidence.	The main results were that music was more effective than cooking in improving the emotional state of patients with AD as revealed by facial expressions, discourse valence, and mood emotional indices. Music had positive effects shortly after the interventions (I-MID and I-END) on all three emotional indices	The strengths of this article is that is explained very clearly that there would be two groups of comparison (that one of music and cooking) and then evaluated the mood responses. There was a lot of data and information for the methods used. A weak point was that nothing was noted in terms of confounding factors in the study. There could have been other factos contributing to mood changes, especially to change in mood in the long term ( how do they know that music was the cause of a positive mood change weeks after the study and not by chance?)	Scientific reearc, cause and effect, pro music.	Residents in a residential home for the elderly, France.
Mayumi Sakamoto, Hiroshi Ando and Akimitsu Tsutou	The aim of this article was to compare the short and long term effects of music intervention with individuals who suffer with severe Alzheimer’s Disease.	This article was a research- based RCT literature.	The results were that music intervention could reduce stress in AD patients with interactive intervention having the most benefits.	Some strong points included using the Face Scale that measures emotion since AD individuals cannot always communicate and express how they are feeling. The authors also focused on a control group for comparison and two blind groups to asses after music interventions concluded.	Research based, pro music intervention, cause and effect, RCT.	4 group homes specializing in dementia care. ( total of 127 participants)

Explaining project

Explaining Project

Research journal 2

What is your topic? Or what are your key words thus far?

My topic of research is music and patients with dementia. Specifically the effects (if any significance) of going through a "music therapy" program. 
The key words I'm working with are:

• music
• effects
• dementia 
• significance
• music therapy
• association
• studies on dementia 

What is your research question? Have you decided to change it at all? And, if you have, how do I know that the way in which this question is formulated is appropriate to conduct a literature review with a systematic approach? 

• My questions is " does participating in music therapy have any significant benefits to the overall wellness of patients with Dementia?"

The way to look at this question is not to look at the benefits of music to the listener but the significant effects of music to patients who have been selected for a music therapy program who have dementia. 

Research journal #3

Here are my first 5 sources that I've looked at so far...

This first article brings to light the effects that mild dementia has on a psychological sense, that is, symptoms of depression and anxiety. Then, it reviews the effects of music intervention on these symptoms. This helps me to begin making a list of the different areas that music can target since dementia patients suffer from many different symptoms, one of which we see here as anxiety and depression. 

Petrovsky, D., Cacchione, P. Z., & George, M. (2015). Review of the effect of music interventions on symptoms of anxiety and depression in older adults with mild dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 27(10), 1661-1670. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1041610215000393

The second article seen below focuses on the effects that music has on falling, which is another cause of dementia. This new target can help us understand the physical effects that music has on dementia patients. 

Gill, L. M., & Englert, N. C. (2013). A music intervention's effect on falls in a dementia unit. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 9(9), 562-567. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2013.05.005

This third article is powerful in the sense that it shows one of the methods used in determining the effects of music on dementia patients. A randomized control study was used here to scientifically see the correlation between music and dementia. 

Guétin, S., Portet, F., Picot, M. C., Pommié, C., Messaoudi, M., Djabelkir, L., . . . Touchon, J. (2009). Effect of music therapy on anxiety and depression in patients with alzheimer's type dementia: Randomised, controlled study.Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 28(1), 36-46. Retrieved from http://unr.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/232506655?accountid=452

The fourth article has a review of a meta-analysis which can strengthen the confidence of the outcome for this research question. This can also help to lower the errors found in systematic researches and lower the risk of confounding factors. 

Vasionytė, I., & Madison, G. (2013). Musical intervention for patients with dementia: a meta-analysis. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 22(9/10), 1203-1216. doi:10.1111/jocn.12166

This last article focuses on understanding the scales of dementia and the tests that are done in order to understand better where a patient stands in terms of level of dementia. This is a great way to assess the individuals with dementia and to see if music has a greater or lesser affect on individuals with different levels of dementia as well as assessing if music could potentially benefit and bring an individual to a lesser state of dementia. 

Hughes, C. P., Berg, L., Danziger, W. L., Coben, L. A., & Martin, R. L. (1982). Clinical Dementia Rating. Psyctests, doi:10.1037/t28287-000